Ge Management - 1094 Words

General Electric (GE) was founded by Thomas Edison in 1878 as a way for him to fund his research into electric light. Only one year later in 1879 he accomplished that mission when he created the first incandescent light. Incandescent light was only the beginning, over the next 128 years GE became an innovator in the advancement of technology and implementing new ideas. Some of these products included the first electric powered X-ray machine, television, radio, locomotives, home appliances and radar systems. While GE was building a name for itself with great new products it also became a leader with its innovations in management. In 1900 GE embarked on its first management initiative by creating the first corporate research and†¦show more content†¦They began to see employees as valuable resources and were the first to offer pension and profit sharing plans. GE was beginning to understand that to maximize a workers potential you must consider their thoughts, feeling and emotions. In the 1960s when the quantitative perspective was emerging GE developed the Business Screen. The screen was one of many new tools that used mathematical concepts to help guide a company’s business dealings. As described previously the screen was used to to identify the optimal portfolio of business units that a company can hold. 2. Which of GE’s management innovations seem to draw on a classical management perspective? Which seem to draw on a behavioral management perspective? I believe that GE’s innovation of Six Sigma, Workout and Blub Books all drew on the classical management perspective. More specifically the Blue Books drew on scientific management as they were more concerned with improving the performance of each manager. The Six Sigma quality initiative was more administrative management as is dealt with the idea an entire organization can become more efficient. There are two innovations that I believe drew on the behavioral management perspective. First, the pension and profit sharing plans for its employees that I discussed earlier. Second, is the policy of firing the lowest performing 10% of workers. Without question I believe thisShow MoreRelatedGe Energy Management Initiative Essay examples1266 Words   |  6 PagesThe GE Energy Management Initiative (A) By taking the position as Raj Bhatt, Business Development manager of GE Canada, I am comfortable and confident that energy efficiency is an attractive industry and business opportunity. What makes Raj Bhatt believe that the Energy Efficiency projects will be successful in Canada is that the project helps not only the ESCo, which conducts the performance-based contracting, but also the customers, who are more aware of the benefits of Energy Efficiency projectRead MoreThe Lead Up For Current Business Level Strategy1271 Words   |  6 Pagesnew innovations such as the X-ray machines, trans Atlantic broadcasting, many kinds of kitchen appliances, different types of power generators, loud speakers, new types of material, first television network, MRI machines, jet engines, and many more. GE even helped develop and manufacture the nuclear bomb. In 1982 the lab produced its first hybrid car with implementation of computers to save and regulate energy and breaking; this technology was late r used by Toyota to manufacture hybrid cars. ThisRead MoreCase Analysis Of General Electric2243 Words   |  9 PagesThomas A. Edison. In 1892 it merged with Thomson-Houston Electric Company to create General Electric. In this current time, General Electric has now grown to a huge conglomerate. The business units that make up General Electric are GE Aviation, Capital, Energy Management, Healthcare, Lighting, Power Water, Oil Gas, and Transportation. The company has been trying to expand into emerging markets and shrinking the Capital business unit. Jeff R. Immelt is the current CEO and has been in that seatRead MoreLeadership Style of Jack Welch981 Words   |  4 PagesMotors and jack Welch of GE. And Welch would be the greater of the two because he set a new, contemporary paradigm for the corporation that is the model of the 21st Century. - Noel Tichy, Professor of Management, University of Michigan, and a longtime GE observer. Introduction |On September 6, 2001, John Francis Welch Jr. (Jack Welch), Chairman and |[pic][pic][pic][pic][pic][pic] | |Chief Executive Officer of General Electric Co. (GE),1 retired after | Read MoreHarvard Case Study Analysis1566 Words   |  7 PagesImmelt’s strategies for GE were solid in a theoretical sense. The company should have been delivering above-average returns and seen all the positives that he preached about it. The reason this did not happen and they faced some humiliation in 2008 until 2010 were due to GE Capital. Immelt thought that they were diversified enough to survive the economic downturn. However this proved to be wrong. In an interview for BusinessWeek magazine David Magee, author of Jeff Immelt and the New GE Way, spoke on whatRead MoreInvesting Your Precious Resources With The Hyland Investment Institute3209 Words   |  13 PagesIt is suitable for virtually any well-rounded portfolio. Over the last 116 years, GE is the only company that has been continu- ously listed on the Dow Jones Industrial Average. It is built to last and I thoroughly recommend it as a st ock to buy and hold for the long term. GE is committed to focusing on long-term opportunities. The company has a philosophy of only concentrating on markets that it can dominate as GE positions itself to be a leader. The reason it has remained competitive for more thanRead MoreSWOT Analysis of GE1033 Words   |  5 PagesSTRENGTHS Global recognition: General Electric has ventured into the world market thus gaining global recognition for its unique goods and services. In the year 2009, Forbes magazine ranked GE as the world s largest company. Hurbert (2007) notes that General Electric s brand is the world s most recognized brand. This kind of recognition has given it a competitive edge over other companies due to its ability to attract more customers. Global strength and competitiveness:The Company’s productsRead MoreChallenges Faced With Ge Healthcare1464 Words   |  6 Pages GE healthcare has positioned it self as a global player in more than 100 countries. The company has laid his hands in all the aspects of healthcare. Though they have been leaders in this industry, the company faces number of challenges. The challenges include complying with safety standards of different countries, setting up presence in emerging markets, low cost innovation, educating workforce, administering clinical data ethically, aligning information technology with health care and minimizingRead MoreGe Energy and Ge Healthcare2444 Words   |  10 PagesGE Energy and GE Healthcare Case Study 1. What are the business benefits of using information technology to build strategic customer relationships for GE Energy and GE Healthcare? What are the business benefits for their customers? Technology is no longer an afterthought in forming business strategy, but the actual cause and driver. Networking and data storage analysis technologies enabled GE to gain a competitive advantage by providing unique products and services to their customers. WhatRead MoreA Strategic Analysis of Ge Healthcare1561 Words   |  7 PagesA strategic analysis of GE healthcare GE Healthcare: Company Overview GE Healthcare is a unit of the wider General Electric Company. It has a global orientation, employing more than 46, 000 staff committed to serving healthcare professionals and patients in over 100 countries. It is headquartered in the United Kingdom (UK)-the first GE business segment outside the United States. It has a turnover of approximately $ 17 billion. The headquarters hosts GE healthcare corporate offices as well as finance

Halloween Is The Scariest Of All - 1435 Words

As Halloween comes and goes once again as it always does, when all of the candy is thrown out, the costumes are put in storage and parties dissipate, we laugh and reminisce about the lively memories the holiday brought. However, for people who lived in the northeast in 2012, instead of packing our costumes we packed our clothes to leave our homes indefinitely, instead of throwing out our candy we threw out dated pictures, toys, and sentiments ruined by flooding and winds, and rather then celebrating with friends we held our loved ones close, because we didn’t know what the future had in store for us. Ironically, Halloween of 2012 was the scariest of all because it brought a real threat, a raging storm that would impact and hurt the lives of so many named Superstorm Sandy. No one believed the storm would be as atrocious as it was, after all, growing up near the shore when someone says hurricane you think of light rain and maybe some wind. This time it was different, Sandy wa s a perfect storm, all arrows pointed to destruction and that is exactly what happened. During this storm many people were critically injured, lost their homes becoming impoverished, and even lost their lives. Amongst the miles and miles of our country s eastern coastline, devastation hit. Places like Ortley Beach, which was located on the coast in central New Jersey, were often referred to as â€Å"ground zero† because after Sandy was done, there was little remnants of it. This third degreeShow MoreRelatedThe Fear Of Horror Movies And Ghosts854 Words   |  4 Pagesown fears and can be scared when they are faced with their fears. Many are scared of ghosts, snakes, spiders, scary movies, and many other things. I get scared more than most, but the thing that scares me most is scary movies and ghosts. So, when Halloween rolls around I dread it because the things that scare me most are everywhere. Everyone gets scared sometimes it’s not about what scares you, but how yo u handle yourself when being faced with your biggest fear. When I was young I was scared of everythingRead MorePersonal Narrative : A Haunted House1859 Words   |  8 PagesFor my final project, I visited to a haunted house to experience how American people are spending the most famous holiday Halloween night with my friends. My methodology is ethnographic observation which to visit a haunted house and experience one of many â€Å"American ritual† during Halloween season. As I am going to break ethnocentrism, practice viewing and adventuring American culture. Ethnocentrism is getting out of my comfort zone, experiencing other culture. I am going to a haunted house to seeRead MoreDescriptive Essay On A Haunted House751 Words   |  4 PagesIt was a sunny morning the streets were honking filled with cars. I called my friend over so we could play baseball. Ethan had told me that there was a haunted house on Halloween that was the scariest in town. I was never a big fan of Halloween all the costumes, people coming to your house thats weird. And plus this haunted house we are supposed to go to is right by the woods. â€Å"Ethan I dont think im going to that place its right by the woods†. Ethan was looking at me like I was crazy, â€Å" ARERead MoreDescriptive Essay On A Haunted House790 Words   |  4 Pagesheaded to the most haunted amusement park in the country, which just so happened to be in my state, West Virginia. It had been abandoned since 1966 and only opens for one month a year for Halloween. I’ve always hated scary things. Always. (29) However, Sarah loved the terrifying haunted houses, dressing up for Halloween, and the feeling of being scared. (22) But I didn’t want Sarah to think I was a baby, so I decided to go. When we were getting close to the park, dark storm clouds started to roll in andRead MoreCultural Appropriation And Its Effect On Society1640 Words   |  7 Pagesits role in society today. Everywhere you look, in every news story and Facebook status, there is an ong oing debate regarding race and inequality. One of these major discussions regards cultural appropriation, which is an infamous problem around Halloween. Many individuals are confused by this concept of appropriating culture simply because they cannot distinguish the line between appreciation and appropriation. Thus, these blurred lines lead to offending cultures as well as perpetuating privilegesRead MoreHorror Movies : The 80s And 80s1190 Words   |  5 Pagesto having the enemy to be found in your own home. The 70s made the enemy be someone who is more likely to cause real harm like your mother (Shivers), your brother (Halloween), or your daughter (The Exorcist). The 70s were about uncovering deep paranoia in the minds of the audiences. The Exorcist has been voted the scariest movie of all time (Total Film magazine) and is significant to any study of the genre. Although it is a classic, when it was being released it caused outrage and described as â€Å"theRead MoreReview Of Ho rror Movies And The House Of My Best Friend 1525 Words   |  7 Pageswas curious to hear her thoughts on why she was so disgusted by scary movies, especially since Halloween is her favorite time of the year. Standing at 5’1 with long, thick, black hair, and one of the funniest personalities I have had the pleasure of encountering, Morgan has been my best friend for many, many years. After seeing how she felt about horror movies, it came to my realization that throughout all the years we have been friends, I cannot recall a moment where we actually watched horror movieRead More Urban sprawl Essay1298 Words   |  6 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;This Halloween, Sean Clancy had the most original costume in his southern Pennsylvania neighborhood. The base layer of his costume wasn’t very exciting at all- a flannel shirt, jeans and boots. However, the next layer really made Clancy’s costume memorable. He tucked a street sign into his belt and draped a GAP bag from his left pocket. He hung a Coke can from his thigh and pinned a Sunoco gas rebate banner on his right knee. A KFC sign was just above his left kneeRead MoreHalloween Of 2012 : A Storm Sandy1444 Words   |  6 PagesAs the Halloween this season comes and goes once again as it always does, when all of the candy is thrown out, the costumes are put in storage and parties die down, we laugh and reminisce about the fun memories the holiday brought that year. However, for people who lived in the north east in 2012, instead of packing our costumes we packed our clothes to leave our homes indefinitely, instead of throwing out our candy we threw out old pictures, toys, and sentiments ruined by flooding and winds, andRead MoreShort Story919 Words   |  4 Pagesover to help decorate our barn for Halloween. She had to do it for a service project with a friend; also she had to work for five hours. I was excited at first but then I remembered the ladders. â€Å" Here are all the decorat ions that I want up,† Mom said, â€Å"and you have to put all of the garland up high so that none of the teenagers will knock them down.† â€Å"That is a lot of garland. Do we have to put them all up?† I asked, hoping that we didn’t have to put up all six of them. â€Å"It can’t be that

To what extent are UK judges both independent and neutral free essay sample

Unit 2 Stimulus The Judiciary 1 a) With reference to the source, describe the measures that exist to maintain the independence and neutrality of the judiciary. The independence of the Judiciary from the executive and legislative Is said to kept by things like their fixed salaries and sub judice rule. Their salaries are paid from the Consolidated Fund and arent fixed or changeable by Parliament or the government which keeps the Judiciary free from political pressure in terms of finance. The sub Judice rule is where the MPs in the House of Commons are unable to comment on current or pending cases. This keeps he Judiciary free from political interference and prevents prejudice against Judicial decisions. This rule is followed by ministers and civil servants too. Judges are said to be kept neutral because they lack politically partisan actlvlty as they dont comment on matters of public policy and avoid siding with different party governments, Another way the judiciary has been made increasingly independent and neutral is the changed position of the Lord Chancellor following the 2005 Constitutional Reform Act as he was previously the head of the Judiciary, the presiding officers of the House of Lords and a member of the cabinet. We will write a custom essay sample on To what extent are UK judges both independent and neutral? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This Act removed his Judicial role and transferred it to the Lord Chief Justice while also separating the law lords from the House of Lords via the establishment of a new Supreme Court in 2009. This again, separates the Judiciary from the legislature and executive which enhances independence and neutrality. 1 b) With reference to the source and your own knowledge, explain how the Judiciary has been reformed since 2005. The judiciary has had major reforms implemented since 2005 under the Constitutional Reform Act of 2005 which aimed to enhance the independence of Judges from the legislature and executive. First of all, the role of the Lord chancellor was altered as he was previously the head of the Judiciary, was a member of the government as he was in the cabinet, and was also a presiding officer of the House of Lords as he chaired meetings like the Speaker does in the House of Commons. There were debates that this meant the Judiciary wasnt independent as the Lord Chancellor belonged to all three branches of government: the Judiciary, legislature and executive. He was also seen as a political appointment by the Prime Minister. However the 2005 Constitutional Reform Act resulted In the transfer of the udicial functions from the Lord Chancellor to the Lord Chief Justice who is now responsible for the training, guidance and deployment of Judges. The Lord Chancellor also no longer sits in the House of Lords as a Speaker was elected in 2006, separating the link between the legislature and Judiciary. In addition to this, there was the creation of the Ministry of Justice in 2007 which became responsible for things like courts, prisons and probation. The power to appoint judges has also been taken from the Lord Chancellor and passed onto the Judicial Appointments Commission. The creation of the Judicial Appointments Commission in 2006 tOf6 Minister and the Lord Chancellor to the Appointments Commission. Prior to this, the Prime Minister would appoint the Court of Appeal and Law lords with advice from his Lord Chancellor. Judges below this level were appointed by the Lord Chancellor. This was seen as part of government patronage and the question of whether the Judges appointed were free from partisan bias arose. The creation of this Appointment Commission however ensures that those that are nominated are politically independent from the executive. Finally, there was a reform of the most senior judges in the I-JK. Initially senior Judges (Law Lords) were members of the House of Lords which meant that the Judiciary was part of the legislature. Although the Judges werent allowed to play a role in political debates or proposals of legislative by convention, they were still consulted on matters close to their interests. It was, therefore, seen as a breach of Judicial independence. However following the creation of the Supreme Court in 2009, senior Judges no longer sit in the House of Lords which means are free of political influence and decision making and in effect from the legislature as they can speak out against the government. c) To what extent are I-JK Judges both independent and neutral? Judicial independence is based on the freedom of the Judiciary from the interference by the two by the two other branches of government: the executive and legislature, in its activities, as well as freedom from pressure exerted by the media or public opinion. Judicial neutrality is the absence of bias in the Judiciary for example; religious, social, gender, political or racial bias. I-JK Judges are generally seen to possess both inde pendent and neutral qualities. They are independent and neutral to a large extent as the Constitutional Reform Act in 2005 has increased their independence nd existing measures such as security of their Job and salary, as well as sub Judice rule, the growth of Judicial review and increased European influence maintains existing independence. Neutrality is increasing the Judiciary as its social representation is improving and the biased attitudes of Judges towards national security have been changing. However independence and neutrality is still limited as there have been biased Judgements against certain social groups, biased Judgments in favour of national security, and their recruitment is unrepresentative and selected from a narrow section of society. The principle of parliamentary sovereignty creates a tendency for Judges to favour the government rather than rule against it and finally, the Lord Chancellors Judiciary role may have been transferred but there still remains political influence over it. Therefore I-JK Judges are independent and have become neutral toa large extent but there are still some limitations on this. First of all the Constitutional Reform Act of 2005 has greatly increased the independence of Judges as it resulted in the removal of the Lord Chancellor in the House of Lords by replacing him with a Speaker since 2006. His power to appoint Judges with the Prime Minister was also transferred to an independent Judicial Appointments Commission. The act also reformed the office of the Lord Chancellor by passing on his Judicial functions to the Lord Chief Justice a Judge with no link to the legislature and executive, who is now responsible for the training, guidance and deployment on Judges. Finally the Act created a new Supreme Court in 2009 which shifted the Law Lords from the House of become independent from both the legislature and the executive as the Lord Chancellor no longer sits in the House of Lords, the senior Judges no longer sit in the egislature and political patronage of the Judiciary no longer exists due to an Appointments commission, thus increasing greatly the independence of Judges. Secondly the increased use of Judicial Review in the past forty years suggests that the neutrality and independence of the Judges has improved. The Judicial Review is a process where the Judge reviews the action of the government or another public body if a citizen feels like they have acted wrongly. This process applies the Rule of Law to the workings of the government and public bodies such as citizens being treated equally. For instance there have been many Judicial review cases against the Home Office and its immigration regulations where the court has reprimanded against the government department. Judges have also exercised their powers in declaring the actions of ministers ultra vires for example Conservative Michael Howards extension of sentences for Bulger killers were ruled unlawful. This indicates a high level of neutrality as the Judges werent biased towards supporting the government. However it can be argued that this is very rare as only 16 out of every 1,000 cases were won by citizens in 2011. Since the Human Rights Act in 1998 (which was enacted in 2000) Judges have been unafraid to rule out any incompatible government policy with the ECHR (1951). For example in October 2007, senior Judges ruled that 18-hour curfews breached civil liberties under the ECHR. There have also been declarations against anti-terrorism legislations such as in 2004 when Law Lords opposed the detention of suspected foreign terrorists in British prisons without trial, using the HRA which led to alterations of the Terrorism Act in 2005. In fact if parliament fails to address cases hich have been ruled unlawful by Judges under ECHR, the case can be taken to the European Court of Human Rights which is clearly an independent court of appeal since the court is outside of Britain and therefore free from the interference of the British government. This shows that Judges are highly independent enough to be able to declare incompatible legislations passed by parliament under ECHR and if they are ignored, then the case reaches a fully independent European Court of Appeal which usually obliges Parliament to alter its legislation. It is also argued that the pay and conditions of employment of the Judiciary keep it ree from corruption and political pressure. They have security of tenure which means a Judge cannot be dismissed as they are appointed for life (the retiring age being 75), subject to appropriate behaviour. In order to be removed a Judge must be voted out by both Houses of Parliament. However this has not happened since 1830 which suggests that the Parliament also respects the Judiciarys independence. Secondly, salaries are paid by the independent Consolidated Fund rather than the government, keeping them free from possible corruption. This shows that Judges are ery independent from the executive and legislature as they arent under political pressure from possible dismissal and keeps them neutral as they dont have to favour the government in fear of losing their Job or reduction of their pay packet. independence. It is observed in both the House of Commons and House of Lord, preventing MPs and Lords from discussing publicly any current or pending court cases. A similar rule is followed by ministers by convention. This ensures that the judiciary is free from the interference of the executive and the legislature as it prevents prejudice of court proceedings by influencing the Judge or Jury. It also prevents parliament from acting as an alternative forum to decide court cases. However in 2004, an ex-Prime Minister, Tony Blair expressed his revulsion at the crimes committed by some British soldiers in Iraq despite them being tried by a court martial at the time, which shows that sometimes the temptation to break the sub judice rule cannot be resisted and may result in an attack on the independence of the Judges. On the other hand it can be said that the neutrality and independence of I-JK Judges are limited as in theory, parliamentary sovereignty is greater than the rule of law. This was suggested by A. V. Dicey which he described as the twin pillars of British Constitution. This in effect means that the Judiciary is subordinate to Parliament and is therefore not independent. Parliamentary sovereignty means that parliament can reform every aspect of the legal system: it can abolish courts; alter the law and decide on what penalties and punishments are applied in courts as it can pass any statutes which the courts must follow. For example in 2005, under a powerful executive, parliament passed its Terrorism Act which meant that terrorist suspects could be imprisoned or detained without trial. This suggests that Parliament had the upremacy to override the rule of law whereby everybody is entitled to a fair trial. However it is argued that the law lords had opposed this legislation due to its attack on civil liberties which resulted in alterations of the legislation. Even if rulings of the judges were ignored by Parliament, the Judges would be able to appeal to the European Courts of Human Rights which would eventually oblige the British government to alter the law. There is also an argument initiated by J. A. G. Griffiths in his book Politics of the Judiciary, published in 1977 which suggests that the Judiciary is recruited from an xtremely narrow social background, making it biased and therefore neutral. The UKs Judiciary remains overwhelmingly middle-aged, upper-middle class, white males. Only 8% Judges are women and the average age is 60 years. In fact there was never a female in the senior Judiciary until 2003 when Brenda Hale was appointed. There is also no ethnic minorities in the senior Judiciary with only one being a High Court Judge. In terms of education, Labour Research found that 100% of the senior judges since 1997 were Oxbridge educated and 60% of the Judges in general were educated at Oxbridge with 67% who went to a public school. This means the Judiciary is unrepresentative of the society in which its decisions will affect and it may cause the tendency for Judges to make slightly prejudiced Judgements towards women and different races. For example in 2001, riots in an Asian area of Maningham, Bradford, which had racial aspects, led to far stiffer sentences than those imposed on a white judiciary has also occurred where Judges have been unsympathetic towards female rape victims and have imposed little sentences to rapists. However it is important not to dismiss that the Judiciary is becoming increasingly, although very slowly, more epresentative of society and ones social background doesnt necessarily make them biased. Also, the fact that the law is extremely complex means that Judges from Oxbridge are likely to be highly educated which is necessary in order for the law to be interpreted appropriately. There has also been evidence to suggest that the neutrality of the Judiciary is still limited as it favours the government. For instance Judges ruled in favour of government in 2010 when claimant teenagers, Katy Moore and Callum Hurley applied for a Judicial review action over the raise in university tuition fees to a maximum of E9,OOO, which was introduced in September 2012. This is partly because of parliamentary sovereignty has Judges understand that the government have the mandate to make decisions in the best interests of the nation. Even Lord Woolf (ex Lord Chief Justice) admitted that for every case that the government lost, it won more than ten. This shows that the Judiciary remains biased in favour of government to some extent which threatens neutrality. The fact that any high profile cases lost by the government creature the illusion that the Judiciary acts independently from the ther branches of government can be argued to show that some political pressure may exist. In fact Theresa May used the Sunday papers this year to demand that judges follow the wishes of parliament and deport more foreign criminals. (The Spectator, 18 February). This shows that the independence of the Judiciary is still retrained as the executive are demanding things over newspapers. Finally it is argued that the separation of powers between the Judiciary and the two other branches is only quasi-independent as the Lord Chancellors functions havent disappeared after the 2005 Constitutional Reform Act. Instead his functions were transferred to the Lord Chief Justice and Lord Speaker while his Judicial role has merely been amalgamated with that of the Secretary of State for Justice who leads on policies for courts, prisons and probation despite being an MP in the House of Commons. This suggests that the courts are still subject to the executive and legislature and therefore Judges arent fully independent. It is also said that the Lord Chancellor and Prime Minister have secret surroundings in the appointments procedure of Judges as the Judiciary is exclusively drawn from the Bar. The fact that the profession is drawn from such a narrow base via a process with little real transparency makes it questionable on whether the Judiciary is truly independent. In conclusion the UK Judiciary is becoming more neutral and independent to a large extent as the Constitutional Reform Act of 2005 led to changes regarding the Lord Chancellor and the establishment of both the JAC and the new Supreme Court. The HRA (1998) has also enabled Judges to rule out laws incompatible with the ECHR and there has been a growth in Judicial review. The independence and neutrality of udges has also been maintained through security of tenure and salary as well as sub remain to full independence and neutrality due to the principle of parliamentary sovereignty, a narrow recruitment of the Judiciary and the examples of the biased judgments in the Judiciary. Even if there is reasonable independence, this can still be questioned due to the lack of transparency for example in the appointment of judges. Therefore, although the I-JK Judiciary still has limits to its full independence and neutrality, it is still independent and neutral to a large extent and this continues to increase through things like increased Judicial review.

Site Investigation Essay Sample free essay sample

In all civil technology plants. the most important is the dependability of the information about the land on which the civil technology undertaking will be founded. We would name this SI. or Site Investigation Information or merely SI. There are assorted methods of obtaining SI information. in this paper we will concentrate on most widely used method. that affecting Boring and Drilling. IMPORTANCE OF SI INFORMATION We. the Engineers. all will hold that SI is a specialist operation. Almost all SI is remotely carried out ( we are proving evidences below from surface! ) and because of this. it is needfully the most procedure oriented operation. Therefore. for SI information to be meaningful. it requires rigorous attachment to processs and good pattern. Which merely translated agencies. attachment to Code of Practice and Specifications. All Engineers to the full agree with these statements. On the footing of the informations obtained via SI ( bing less than 0. We will write a custom essay sample on Site Investigation Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 1 % of the undertaking costs ) . 1000000s or one million millions will be committed to the undertaking. It hence makes technology sense that SI must merely be carried out utilizing suited equipment and ancillaries and by trained individuals under the supervising of every bit if non better trained supervisors. All SI specifications for Site Investigation in usage today in one manner or another emphasize craft supervising and have similar demands viz. : 1. Method of tiring must be such that observations are possible and dirt volume to be tested remain undisturbed before being tested.2. Boring to be carried out utilizing Drill Rods with spots attached to be used for3. advancing of dullard holes4. Judicial usage of H2O5. Testing demands6. Mentions to SO. Supervisor or similar implying competent supervising7. Mentions to Code of Practice and Specification. in locating on attachment to processs Short COMINGS OF OUR SI PRACTICES Surprising issue is. that all of us to the full agree with nice statements like above. we even use moderately good specification. yet if we were to see any SI site anyplace in our state. we will happen there is non a individual SI site where any of these sentiments and demands are met. Situation at each SI location is virtually the same. viz. 1. No mention paperss ( CP or specifications ) on site2. Machines and ancillaries in non-compliance with specifications3. Unacceptable processs. trying. proving. transporting4. Untrained operators5. Untrained. normally non existing supervisors SI information produced from these worksites. in the signifier of SI REPORTS are every bit compatible to state of affairs on the worksites and have following in common * All most all debut part of studies describe methods which are non same as on site* All presentations and dirt descriptions in bole logs vary from company to company and in some instances different locations and pay no relevancy to state. research lab trials. consistence etc* From dullard holes logs. based on presentation and deficiency of site observations. it besides can be inferred that* All strata alterations in land below occurs at 1. 5 metre intervals in Malaya* There are neer any happenings of Water losingss. alteration in H2O colourss. H2O immersion. stuff alterations. HOW Such PRACTICES AFFECT PROJECTS All above consequences in concluding merchandise called SI REPORT or FACTUAL REPORT. Such â€Å"FACTUAL† SI Reports. based on information as obtained from methods adopted to twenty-four hours present information which are far from being dependable. dearly-won in long tally and even unsafe. This reinforces common. but a really basic premiss. â€Å"GOOD DECISION CAN NOT BE MADE ON BAD INFORMATION† . Undertaking costs and safety are have direct bearing on information we use in our designs. With no information we have no pick but to over design and fix for worst. At least we are prepared. With bad / undependable information. we can do bad pick. and may non recognize it is a bad pick. and we are worse off than in the instance of no information. because in this instance we are non even prepared to anticipate jobs. but we do acquire caught in all kinds of jobs. Today there is a silent consciousness that something is incorrect with our SI. but nil is altering. bad equipment. bad ancillaries. bad operators and where possible experient bad supervisors continue to supply us with dubious information and we keep planing and building and blowing money. We so indicate to these constructions and say. â€Å"If SI was bad how come these edifices are standing up? †in all these statements we seem to bury the rudimentss once more. that every Civil construction is alone. Unlike motor vehicles which are tested to devastation at design phase. we can non likewise test civil constructions to devastation and reconstruct it more economically. We have to be every bit right as possible right from the beginning. and use Factors of Safety to extenuate some of these uncertainnesss. Due attention and diligence is of premier importance in all Civil Engineering undertakings. This is a batch more so in SI. all work is remotely carried out. no same sample or trial location can be tested twice. variables that can do consequences dubious include equipment. ancillaries. how they are used. where and who they are used by. Consequences obtained from each location merely state us how that location ( the dullard hole location ) was like before proving ( after proving it is no longer the same ) . We use figure of these trial consequences to develop a image of the evidences below. This image will neer be 100 % accurate. Again some uncertainnesss are taken attention of by Factor of Safety. Even with this. in is necessary to guarantee that the consequences we obtained are every bit accurate as possible and decently taken. ie dependable to let us to develop as accurate image of evidences below as possible. We do this by following set processs in tiring. proving and trying and even in how each sample is described. ( logging ) . This manner we guarantee uniformity of processs. uniformity of description and uniformity of describing and cut down every bit many variables as possible. Uniformity of procedural coverage is really of import. because one time SI is carried out we are left with nil but the FACTUAL SI REPORT. This study has to be such that interior decorator using his past experience and cognition can develop accurate image. When reported as described. SI REPORT ALLOWS US TO measure variableness in the land moderately accurately. Now please see the present s tate of affairs of the SI REPORT. where codifications and specification are seldom followed. no attachment to processs. no uniformity in describing. Under these fortunes. no affair what Factor of Safety we use. we are still playing technology version of Russian Rowlett. OUR BORING METHODS Method of progressing of boreholes as we ask for in our specifications provides us with dependability of trying and proving. This means. each method has to be such that it must non let that volume of undersoil. ( which we will prove or sample. ) to be changed or altered before it is tested. Basic in all this. is how the â€Å"hole† is made to make the sampling/testing deepness. This is referred to as drilling. In instance of tiring in dirts. most recognized method are Percussion Boring. Rotary Boring. Auger Boring. Properly used all these methods allow for dependable sampling and testing. Properly used methods we would specify as that utilizing adequate and suited equipment and ancillaries under the attention of trained operators and supervised by trained supervisors. Most normally used methods is Rotary Boring ( or Rotary Wash Boring ) which involves a deadening hole utilizing boring fluid ( H2O or clay ) pumped down a rod fitted at the bottom some kind of cutting spot. Advan cing of hole is achieved by fring of dirt below the rod by the cutting spot and the conveyance of these film editings to come up by boring fluid. ( H2O or clay ) . Boring fluid. under some force per unit area. is discharged from the drill spot at the underside. largely sideways and returns to come up conveying with it cuttings of dirt dislodged by cutting spot. If shells are used to stabilise the hole. these ever follow behind the rods. Most of import issue to observe is that boring fluid is non dismissed downwards into dirts below but sideways and therefore really small volume of dirt below the rod is disturbed or contaminated and about all of the fluid used is returned to the surface to garner with dirt film editings. This is the method we ask for in all our specifications. Method we really use really different. It is more of H2O gushing than rotary drilling. All good elements of Rotary Boring are losing. It involves progressing of borehole utilizing merely the Casing ( no rod with cutting spot affiliated ) under really heavy H2O force per unit areas. All dislodging of dirts below is achieved by beastly force of H2O and surging/rotating action of the shell ( H2O jetting ) . In short it merely uses shell and H2O. This is a really rough method. This method requires really small accomplishment. and it is fast and most of import. it is inexpe nsive. However. as all H2O under high force per unit areas is discharged from downwards. Considerable sum of H2O is lost in dirts below therefore considerable volume of dirt to be tested is contaminated or disturbed. This makes all proving and trying unacceptable because we are now proving dirts which are no longer representative of dirt mass around it. Add to this state of affairs deficiency of trained operators and untrained supervisors. no process. no uniformity and we have Malayan SI. OTHER SI METHODS OF OBTAINING SI INFORMATION There are legion other SI methods. which method used will depend upon site and expected dirt types. There is no cosmopolitan method for every status. The other methods include CPT. Pressure Meter. Dilatometer. Seismic and so on. Because of our deficiency of consciousness. which allows us to anticipate cheapest at fastest velocities. merely about every method of SI practiced is capable to intuition and likely to be unacceptable since remarks on rudimentss like preparation and attachment to processs apply here every bit good. Every method used today has component of MAKE-DO about it. ( CPT cone with clash sleeve smaller than cone to rush incursion. Electric Cones on Mechanical CPT Machines. Pressure metre trials without force per unit area regulators. shear vane trials with homemade vanes and so on ) . This component of MAKE-DO will stay until we accept need for preparation. attachment to processs and rejection of make-do equipment and ancillaries. Until this happens. no affair what me thod is used. it is non likely to animate assurance in SI information. PRACTICE OF SI TODAY We must halt brushing off our present province of SI industry by presuming it has ever been bad any manner and hence whatever will be. will be. This is non true. Practitioners of SI around 1970ss used tiring methods utilizing Hydraulic Federal. top driven machine. utilizing compatible rods and shells. normally B. N. H sized shells and B and N sized rods. Every occupation required careful consideration of compatible and suited equipment which included rods. shells. nucleus barrels. assorted cutting spots and boring spots. Each borehole took about four times longer and about three times costlier than today. SI information. we like to believe. was at least dependable. These equipment still be and are available even today. but because of high operation costs. its practicians can non vie with today’s wash drilling or â€Å"WATER JETTING† . By late 1880ss. legion operators with entree to cheap machines entered the SI market. The machines they used were non right machines for drilling and testing. but they were fast. and once more really of import. they were really inexpensive. They produced fast studies. in some instances even instantaneous studies. Quality and dependability of information became secondary to rush and monetary value. Those with proper equipment and ancillaries could non vie and either left the field or merely joined in. Cost of SI kept coming down even though the cost of labour. fuel. ancillaries and equipment has about doubled or tripled. There are no drastic inventions in basic SI engineering. Nevertheless SI costs today are about ONE THIRD that used to be i n 1970ss or early 1880ss. Today SI operations are come to be regarded as lowest signifier of catching and it seem as we merely do non care. WHAT IS REQUIRED Most of import thing required is CONSCIOUS AWARENESS amongst applied scientists that quality of SI needs bettering and why. We must halt doing alibis to warrant bad SI alternatively we must at highest degrees. get down paying attending to awareness and developing. This must besides follow consciousness amongst Undertaking Owners to the importance of SI information to their undertakings. Following most of import issue to be addressed must be preparation of forces involved in SI. both from contractors and supervisors and intrusting all SI operations are entrusted merely to them. Third standardisation of specifications. measure of measures and describing formats etc. Last and most of import consciousness must be that good quality SI will non be inexpensive. but these costs are nil compared to additions in cost decreases and decrease in building and station building jobs. This has to be acceptable to both clients and applied scientists.